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Scientific Glossary

P-value and statistical significance

A p-value is the probability of seeing a result at least as large as the one observed if there were really no effect.

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What it means

A p-value below 0.05 is the usual threshold for calling a result statistically significant. It says nothing about how big or important the effect is.

Small trials often test many outcomes, and some will cross the threshold by chance alone.

Also known as

  • p value
  • statistical significance
  • p < 0.05
  • significant result

Sources

General information, not medical advice. Talk to a clinician about any decision about your health.